Emergency Contraceptive Timing Guide: When Plan B Works, Fails, or Needs an Alternative
Plan B relies on a single 1.5 mg dose of levonorgestrel, a synthetic progestin that mimics natural hormones to temporarily stall reproductive activity. It does not induce an abortion. It cannot terminate an existing pregnancy, nor does it disrupt an established implantation timeline once a fertilized blastocyst attaches to the uterine lining. Its sole clinical mechanism is halting or delaying the release of an egg from the ovary.
Sperm can survive inside the female reproductive tract for up to five days, lying in wait within the cervical crypts and fallopian tubes. If you ovulate within that five-day stretch, fertilization can occur within hours. Levonorgestrel intervenes by shutting down the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge that triggers follicular rupture. By postponing ovulation for approximately five to seven days, the pill ensures that trapped sperm die off before an ovum enters the fallopian tube.
This biological mechanism creates a strict operational limit. If the LH surge has already peaked prior to taking the pill, levonorgestrel cannot prevent follicular rupture. The egg releases anyway, exposing it to whatever viable sperm are already present. Because tracking exact ovulation timing through app algorithms or calendar estimates carries wide margins of error, speed is the only variable a patient can control.